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of software engineering Interview questions and answer.
Define software
engineering?
According to IEEE,
Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined,
quantifiableapproach to the
development, operation and maintenance of software.
What are the
categories of software?
System software
Application
software
Embedded software
Web Applications
Artificial
Intelligence software
Scientific
software.
Define testing?
Testing is a
process of executing a program with the intent of finding of an error.
What is Black box
testing?
Black box testing
is a test case design method that focuses on the functional requirements of the software. It is
otherwise called as functional testing.
What is
verification and validation?
Verification refers to the set of
activities that ensure that software correctly implements a specific function.
Validation refers to the set of
activities that ensure that the software that has been built is traceable to
customer requirements
What is debugging?
Debugging is the
process that results in the removal of error. It occurs as a consequence of
successful testing.
What is error
tracking?
Error tracking is
an activity that provides a means for assessing the status of a current
project.
What are case
tools?
Computer Aided
Software Engineering - CASE tools assist software engineering managers and
practitioners in evey activity associated with the software process. They
automate project management activities manage all work products produced
throughout the process and assist the engineers in their analysis, design,
coding and test work.
What is data
design?
Data design
transforms the information domain model created during analysis into the data
structures that will be required to implement the software.
Define cohension
and coupling?
Cohension is a measure of the relative
functional strength of a module.
Coupling is a measure of the relative
interdependence among modules.
What are the
different types of cohension?
There are
different types of cohension are
Coincidental
cohension
Logical cohension
Temporal cohension
Procedural
cohension
Communicational
cohension
What are the
different types of coupling?
There are
different types of coupling are
Data coupling
Stamp coupling
Control coupling
External coupling
Common coupling
Content coupling
What is user
interface design?
User interface
design creates an effective communication medium between a human and a
computer.
What is meant by
specification?
A specification
can be a written document, a graphical model, a formal mathematical model, a
collection of usage scenarios, a prototype or any combination of these.
Define process?
A series of steps
involving activities, constraints, and resources that produce an intended
output of some kind is known as process.
How spiral model
works?
The spiral model
is an evolutionary software process model that couples the iterative nature of
prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the waterfall
lifecycle model. It also has an emphasis on the use of risk management
techniques.
What is winwin
spiral model?
Winwin spiral
model defines a set of negotiation activities at the beginning of each pass
around the spiral. The best negotiations strive for a win-win result.
Mention the
various views in system engineering hierarchy?
The various views
in system engineering hierarchy from top to bottom in order are
World view
Domain view
Element view
Detailed view
What is software
requirements definition?
A software
requirements definition is an abstract description of the services which the
system should provide and the constraints under which the system must operate.
What is SDLC ?
A software cycle
deals with various parts and phases from planning to testing and deploying. All
these activities are carried out in different ways, as per the needs. Each way
is known as a Software Development Lifecycle Model (SDLC).
What are data
aquistion systems?
Systems that
collects data from sensors for subsequent processing and analysis are termed as
Data acquistion systems. Data collection process and processing processes may
have different periods and deadlines.
Define software
configuration model?
SCM is the art of
identifying, organizing, and controlling modifications to the software being
built by a programming team. It is an umbrella activity that is applied
throughout the software process.
What are the SCM
activities?
SCM activities are
developed to
Identify change
Control change
Ensure that change
is being properly implemented
Report changes to
others who may have an interest.
What are the
advantages and disadvantages of white box testing?
Advantages :
Software’s structure logic can be tested.
Disadvantages :
Doesn’t ensure that user requirements are met.
Its test may not mimic real world situations.
What is meant by
loop testing?
Loop testing is a
white box testing techniques that focuses exclusively on the validity of loop
constructs. This technique can be applied to simple loops, nested loops,
concatenated loops and unstructured loops.
What is meant by
smoke testing?
Smoke testing is
an integration testing approach that is commonly used ehen “shrink wrapped ”
software products are being developed.
What is alpha and
beta tests?
Alpha test is the
test that is conducted at the developer’s site by a customer. Beta test is the
test that is conducted at one or more customer sites by the end-user of the
software.
What is meant by
system testing?
System testing is
actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise
the computer based system. It verifies whether the system elements have been
properly integrated and perform the allocated functions.
Mention the
categories of debugging approaches?
There are three
categories of debugging approaches as follows :
Brute force
Back tracking
Cause elimination
Define metric?
IEEE93 defines as
a quantitative measure of the degree to which a system, component, or process
possesses a given attribute.
Mention some of
the process models appropriate for the software to be engineered?
Linear sequential or waterfall
model
Prototyping model
Rad model
Incremental model
Spiral model
Win win spiral model
Component based
development model
What is adaptive
maintenance?
Adaptive maintanence
is the maintenance to adapt software to a different operating environment. It
involves changing a system so that it operates in a different environment from
its initial implementation.
What are the
advantages and disadvantages of black box testing?
Advantages:
Simulates actual system usage.
makes no system structure assumptions.
Disadvantages :
Potential of missing logical errors in software.
Possibility of redundant testing.
What are the broad
categories of system requirements?
System
requirements may be either functional or non-functional requirements.
What are user
requirements?
User requirements
should describe functional and non-functional requirements so that they are
understandable by system users who don’t have detailed technical knowledge.
User requirements are defined using natural language, tables and diagrams.
What is test scenario?
Test scenario is
the hypothetical story to test the particular functionality of an application.
It serves as an input to functional testing. For test scenario we need use
case.
Define an analysis
model?
An analysis model
is a set of models that serves as the technical representation of system.
Define prototype?
Prototype is an
initial version of a software system which is used to demonstrate concepts, try
out design options and generally to find out more about the problem and its
possible solutions.
What is the
function of the user model?
The user model
establishes the profile of end users of the system.
What is system
image?
The system image
combines the outward manifestation of the computer based system, coupled with
all supporting information that describes system syntax and semantics.
What is transform
mapping?
Transform mapping
is a set of design steps that allows a DFD with transform flow characteristics
to be mapped into a specific architectural style.
What is traceability
matrix?
Traceability
matrix is a document in which we map the test cases with the requirements. In
general we check whether the application works as per requirements or whether
we had covered all the required functionality through test cases.
List the metrics
for specifying non functional requirements?
The possible
metrics that specify the non-functional requirements are:
Speed
Size
Ease of use
Reliability
What is the
difference between black box testing and white box testing?
Black box testing :
No knowledge of the internal
logic of the system is used to develop test c ases.
Uses validation techniques.
Applied during later stages of
testing.
Examples include unit testing,
integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing.
White box testing :
Knowledge of the internal
logic of the system is used to develop test cases.
Uses verification techniques
Performed early in
the testing process.
Mention the
various types of maintenance?
The various types
of maintenance are :
Corrective
maintenance
Adaptive
maintenance
Perfective
maintenance
Preventive
maintenance
What is the
difference between software engineering and system engineering?
System Engineering - is concerned with all
aspects of computer based systems development including hardware, software and
process engineering.
System Engineering - are involves in system
specification architectural design intergration and deployment.
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